| Gino involved in data collection? |
Co-authors have/had raw data? |
Data for reproducing results available? | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 | No (3) |
N/A (3) |
N/A (3) |
| Study 2 | No (3) |
N/A (3) |
N/A (3) |
| Study 3a | No (3) |
N/A (3) |
N/A (3) |
| Study 3b | No (3) |
N/A (3) |
N/A (3) |
| Study 4 | No (3) |
N/A (3) |
N/A (3) |
| Study 5 | No (3) |
N/A (3) |
N/A (3) |
| Gino involved in data collection? | Co-authors have/had raw data? | Data for reproducing results available? | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 2 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 3a | No | -- | -- |
| Study 3b | No | -- | -- |
| Study 4 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 5 | No | -- | -- |
| Gino involved in data collection? | Co-authors have/had raw data? | Data for reproducing results available? | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 2 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 3a | No | -- | -- |
| Study 3b | No | -- | -- |
| Study 4 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 5 | No | -- | -- |
| Gino involved in data collection? | Co-authors have/had raw data? | Data for reproducing results available? | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 2 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 3a | No | -- | -- |
| Study 3b | No | -- | -- |
| Study 4 | No | -- | -- |
| Study 5 | No | -- | -- |
We conducted an internal audit of this paper, which can be found here: https://osf.io/2d963.
- Francesca Gino was not involved in collecting or analyzing the data for any of the studies in the paper.
- The raw data and materials were found for all studies.
- During the audit, an issue was discovered in Experiment 1: some participants' self-reported behaviors (in the survey manipulation check) did not match their analyzed assignment to experimental condition.
We have reported the issue discovered in Experiment 1 to the JPSP editor and are discussing next steps for correcting the scientific record.
We believe that the fundamental insights from the paper are still robust, especially as we have now directly and conceptually replicated several of its key findings (including successful direct replications of Experiments 3a and 4 in the paper). Other independent scholars have also conceptually and directly replicated the findings (e.g., Yun et al., 2023; Fan et al., 2023).
This statement has been read and approved by the following authors: Allen (Ding) Tian, Juliana Schroeder, Gerald Haubl, Jane Risen, and Michael Norton.
UPDATE on 5/9/24: JPSP editors determined that this paper should go through a "retraction and resubmission" process. The retraction notice is here: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2024-62324-003. For a deeper discussion of the Study 1 issue, see the audit appendix (here: https://osf.io/2d963). The archive of the OSF page for the original paper is here: https://osf.io/tcxha/.
The JPSP resubmission, which removed Study 1 but did not update the theorizing or include any new data per our understanding of the process, was rejected.
The updated paper has been posted on SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4804271. The updated OSF file is here: https://osf.io/bgydx/. Several additional studies have now been run; these are summarized in the updated OSF.